Visiting the Irish Memorial in Waverley Cemetery

Recently we visited the Irish Memorial at Waverley cemetery in Sydney's eastern suburbs. The marble and mosaic structure was built in 1898 to commemorate the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and the part played by Michael Dwyer, 'the Wicklow Chief'.

Michael Dwyer, born in Wicklow, Ireland, in 1772, was 26 when the 1798 Rising against English rule began. He led the English on a merry dance until December 1803, when he surrendered on condition he and his colleagues be sent to America. The English reneged and sent them to Botany Bay aboard the Tellicherry in 1806.

Governor Lachlan Macquarie gave him a full pardon in 1814. Dwyer died 11 years later, aged 53, and was buried in Sydney's Devonshire St cemetery (where Central Station now stands).

In the lead up to the centenary of the uprising, the Irish community in Sydney campaigned to have a memorial erected for the Wicklow Chief and his colleagues. The £2000 needed was raised by the Irish in Sydney, country towns in NSW and in Queensland, Victoria and New Zealand.

On 22 May 1898, Dwyer's remains, and that of his wife's, were moved from Devonshire St to the memorial in Waverley. It was the largest funeral Sydney had seen with 400 horse-drawn carriages following the hearse in a procession of 10,000 people watched by 100,000 others.

Image courtesy of State Records NSW: Devonshire Street Cemetery, Sydney, 1902

Image courtesy of State Records NSW: Surveying for Central Station, 1900

More than 100 years, the memorial still stands in tribute in by the sea.

Grave of Michael Dwyer - Wicklow Chief Waverley cemetery Irish memorial, Sydney Source: Irish Wattle

Useful links for your own research:

[1] Old Sydney Burial Ground - City of Sydney

[2] Archives In Brief 69 - Cemetery records, State Records NSW

[3] Waverley Cemetery, NSW transcriptions & index, Randwick Library
[4] Waverley & South Head Cemetery Transcriptions, Findmypast AU
[5] Waverley Council Local History Fact Sheets
[6] Waverley Cemetery Who's Who
[7] Society of Australian Genealogists :: Camperdown Cemetery guide

A cup of tea with..

Welcome to our new series, where once a month we'll chat to an archivist or historian about what's happening in the world of genealogy.

Christine Yeats is the Manager, Public Access, at State Records NSW. Cassie Mercer talks to her about the archives office’s latest convict databases, and what’s on the books for the future.

CM: Your role at State Records involves looking after many documents of historical importance. Do you find yourself walking around Sydney and thinking about what was there previously?

CY: Definitely, you can’t help but have an interest in the history and what the records tell you and translate it to the built environment. One of the interesting things about archives I think is they inform so much about our heritage and you really can’t have assessments of heritage or considerations of heritage without reference to the official sources and other documentary material.

Are there any stories you’ve come across of people finding forgotten treasure?

There is always the potential, say in the correspondence records of the Colonial Secretary, that you’ll come across something that’s not so much hidden in the records, but may be described in such a way that it’s not apparent what they are. All of it has the potential to make people say, that’s fantastic. A lot of it is the tried and proven genealogical path – convict records and shipping records – but there is a tremendous amount of other records that are rarely used and which still have that wow factor. We have had some terrific finds but often it’s a rediscovery. We might find a really beautiful map or a really beautiful plan. We’ve got some Burley Griffin drawings of towns. Then of course there are other things that might be a collection of records, for instance, about a bushranger. The records might be documents and newspaper clippings, but together they tell you this fantastic story.

The one-stop-shop for your convict databases is a wonderful resource for historians. How did the project come about?

These were indexes that we had on the site already but we decided to promote them in a different way by amalgamating them into a single database. The prompt was really the fact that we acquired the Ticket-of-Leave index of 1810 to 1875. The combined database has had an amazing effect. People have really taken to it and love it. So it’s been a really interesting initiative.

I was intrigued by the database called Convict Bank Accounts…

Yes, it’s easy to stereotype and think they were all people who were very poor. Many of them were of course, but a lot of convicts came here with money because they originated from all walks of life. They put their money into an account and then they would collect it at the end of their sentence. It made such a difference to people to have a bank account and money. I was reading something recently about Sydney in the early days and how expensive it was.

But of course it didn’t stop people being consumers. There is a lot of material in the records about people importing stuff into the colony, and it wasn’t simply food and alcohol and so on, they were also bringing the latest fashion from England and Europe. Although it took a long time to get the goods here, people were ultimate consumers; they were dealing and making money and all sorts of things.

They were quite entrepreneurial, weren’t they.

Extremely so. People were looking at ways of making money and generating revenue.

Tell me about upcoming projects.

Well, we’re continuing to add to the website. One of the major projects that we’re working on, which will probably take a few more years, is to list the loans files for the soldier settlement project. This is part of an Australian Research Council project with Monash University and the University of New England to really promote the collection which is hardly ever used, primarily because there were no indexes or registers [for the records]. We had probably 1km of files but no way of really accessing them with ease. So it’s been a really worthwhile project. That’s one of the major ones.

There is an index of publicans’ licences from the 1830s that will be on the website soon we hope. There are also some additions to the divorce indexes. So there are a few things like that happening.

Over the next few years, they’ll be a lot more listing and indexing [online] and probably also a jewel box approach – an online exhibition with some interpretations and some transcriptions.

Sounds wonderful. We’re already looking forward to it.

State Records NSW is located at:

Sydney Records Centre: 2 Globe Street The Rocks Sydney

Western Sydney Records Centre: 143 O’Connell Street Kingswood

Image: New South Wales Police - Particulars of deaths and bodily injuries sustained by the police from bushrangers 1862-1870